Dec 21 2008
Geothermal heating has been used since the time of the Romans as a way of heating buildings, and now it has come to Minot Air Force Base.
A construction worker drills a hole through a floor in the 5th Bomb Wing headquarters building while installing a geothermal heat system. (U.S. Air Force photo/Staff Sgt. Keith Ballard)
The 5th Bomb Wing headquarters building here is currently undergoing construction to use geothermal heating by having 39 ground source heat pumps installed in the building along with 30 geothermal wells on the west side of the building.
Geothermal heating is the use of the earth's thermal energy to provide cooling or heating, said Lawrence Johnson, the 5th Civil Engineer Squadron geothermal project designer and engineer.
Mr. Johnson came upon the idea of using geothermal heating in select buildings on the base when he saw the amount of steam emanating from the base in the winter, which he considers wasted energy as it takes 1,000 British thermal units (BTUs) to turn 1 pound of water into steam. A BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of liquid water by 1 degree. He estimated that Minot AFB was wasting approximately $4 million per year in natural gas.
To heat or cool air using geothermal heat, water and antifreeze are pumped through pipes that extend to approximately 200 feet below the earth's surface, Mr. Johnson said. As the water circulates through the tubing, it is either heated or cooled depending on the desired output. For heating, the chilled water absorbs the heat from the ground and that heat passes through a ground source heat pump, which takes the heat from the water and heats the air flowing into the building.
"The savings are huge," Mr. Johnson said.
Geothermal heat pumps can transfer about four times as much energy as they use. To put a million BTUs into a building costs about $10 using natural gas and about $2.70 using geothermal and is virtually cost-free for cooling, he said.
Mr. Johnson added that the new system will provide heat and cooling for an estimated $1,800 per year using the energy recovery on ventilation and heat pumps. The system will save the Air Force approximately $16,200 per year, depending on the cost of natural gas.
The heat pumps require very little maintenance and will last about 25 years. The wells will last about 50 years, he said.
The cost to install this system is about $300,000 for a one-story building and about $850,000 for a two-story building; however, the installation cost is about equal to the installation cost of a conventional heating/cooling system.
"It is nice to have a payback, but saving energy is not all about money either," Mr. Johnson said. "I believe geothermal heating will save Minot AFB a lot of money in the long run."